More of the Ancient Greece Powerpoint

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   Today in class, we reviewed more of the "Greece is the Word" Powerpoint on Ancient Greece. Our main focus was on government they had. While Mr. Schick talked about the slides, we took notes. Here are some of the notes I wrote down today:
  • polis: fundamental political unit, made up of a city and the surrounding countrysidepolitics (affairs of the cities), policy, political, etc.
  • monarchy: rule by a single person (a king, in Greece)
  • aristocracy: rule by a small group of noble, very rich, landowning families
  • oligarchy: wealthy groups, dissatisfied with aristocratic rule, who seized power (often with military help)
  • tyrant: powerful individual who seized control by appealing to the common people for support 
  • During the seventh and sixth centuries BCE, aristocrats ran the show in most of Greece
  • Aristocrats: members of the ruling class - they attended symposiums, meetings where the elite men would enjoy wine and poetry, performances by dancers and acrobats, and the company of hetaeras (courtesans) while discussing politics
  • no women (except the “entertainment”), no middle class, no slaves in politics. Sometimes, even certain aristocrats (who didn’t have the right connections or who fell out of favor) were excluded. Sometimes aristocrats would form alliances with hoplites (well-armed soldiers), and set up an alternative form of gov called a tyranny
  • tyrant: someone who rules outside the framework of the polis
  • modern meaning of tyrant: an abusive or oppressive ruler
  • Greek meaning of tyrant: someone who simply seized power (usually with hoplite help)
  • Draco (621 BCE)
    • all Athenians (rich or poor) are equal under the law
    • but death is the punishment for many crimes
    • debt slavery is okay (work as a slave to repay debts)
  • Solon’s reforms (594 BCE)
    • outlaws debt slavery
    • all Athenian citizens can speak at the assembly
    • any citizen can press charges against wrongdoers
  • Cleisthenes: more reforms (around 500 BCE):
    • allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate at the assembly
    • created the Council of Five Hundred (members chosen at random, to counsel the assembly)
    • only free adult male property owners born in Athens were considered citizens
    • no women, slaves, or foreigners were considered citizens, so they couldn't be in politics

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