Giada's Honors Human Geography Blog

SECOND TRIUMVIRATE is created!!! --> bc Octavian (Caesar's adopted son) takes over after Caesar's death Mark Anthony is the general Lepidus is the politician  Lepidus is forced to retire so things go BAD They all become rivals and Mark Anthony teams up with Cleopatra of Egypt  Octavian defeats Mark and Cleopatra at Battle of Actium Octavian is nicknamed "Augustus" and "Imperator" (supreme military commander) Rome is now an empire, not a republic Octavian was the emperor for 40 years! Started an era of peace called the " Pax Romana "  (207 years long!) Octavian was able to: run the empire and gov in a civil way! collect taxes  administer grain supply build roads Octavian died of natural causes! This led to other emperors taking over (some good, bad, and insane) In order: Tiberius Good general! Bad emperor!  His son died and so he exiled himself from Rome  Died at 77  Caligula  Ruled for only 4 years!!  Such a p

   I will be taking the Ancient Rome test at 1:25-2:15 on June 2. Notes on slides 32-42: To keep the plebs happy, Rome hoped for two things: bread and circuses Bread = free grain from the state Circus = entertainment to keep the plebs distracted and quiet (Circus Maximus, Colosseum)  Tiberius Gracchus knew it was important to have the plebs on his side (even though he didn't). To do this, every land the military conquered, they gave a piece to the plebs. Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE) was the best!!! He conquered the huge territory of Gaul. He also made people happy and made friends of high status like Pompey and Crassus First Triumvirate (“rule of three men”) ^^^ JC conquered Gaul and crossed the Rubicon (River in Italy) = "the point of no return" JC served consul (1 yr), was governor of Gaul Pompey = his rival because was jealous Pompey and JC's armies clash (Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt) Caesar always won 44BC - JC is named dictator (6 months

   For my essay, I will write about question C:  Describe how the creation of the Roman Empire transformed Roman government, society, economy and culture.

By 100 B.C., enslaved persons formed perhaps one-third of Rome's population. A new social class that emerged, called "urban poor" made up one-fourth of Roman society. Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius attempted to help Rome's poor. They proposed reforms including limiting the size of estates and giving land to the poor. Tiberius spoke about the plight of the landless former soldiers. Tiberius died in 133 B.C. and Gaius died in 121 B.C. Civil war broke out in Rome and military generals started seizing more power for themselves. In 60 B.C., Julius Caesar, a military leader, joined forces with Crassus and Pompey. Caesar was elected for consul in 59 B.C. The next ten years, they ruled as a triumvirate. A triumvirate is a group of three rulers. During 58-50 B.C., Caesar led a successful campaign to conquer all of Gaul. In 50 B.C., the senate ordered Caesar to disband his legions due to Pompey's concerns/urgings about Caesar as a leader. On January 10, 49 B.C

   The Punic Wars consisted of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, between 264 and 146 B.C. These wars were fought because Rome wanted to expand its land into Carthaginian territory and because of the hatred that grew between them. In fact, when Carthaginian general, Hannibal, was a young boy, his father made him swear that he would always hate Rome and seek to destroy it. That is why, when he stepped into play around the time of the Second Punic War, the tension between Rome and Carthage grew even stronger and is why the wars became more intense. The first Punic War was fought on the island of Sicily in 264-241 B.C., for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean. The navies of the two forces battled, and it led to a victory for the Romans. The Second Punic War was fought between 218-201 B.C. This is when general Hannibal stepped in, and his plan for conquering Rome almost worked, but the Romans ended up victorious once again. Hannibal took a risky move by leading his me

   Starting on slide 9, Chi Cago's Study Guide powerpoint describred how  Lucius Tarquinias Superbus  got into power. It also talked about how he was a tyrant, and the qualities that made him so. It all started when  Servius Tullias, king appointed to power by Tarquin's grandfather's wife (widow at the time). Servius' daughters were to marry a pair of brothers, which included Tarquin. One of the daughters, Tullia, killed her huband and her sister to be with him! She was the one who convinced Taquin to take control and overthrow her father, S.T. ( Servius Tullias). Once he came into power, he threw S.T. out on the streets and had him assassinated. He even ran over S.T.'s body with his chariot and refused to even bury his body! As we can see, Lucius Tarquinias Superbus was not only violent and brutal, but he was disrespectful. He is the kind of angry and forceful man we picture when we think about a tyrant. These terrible traits got passed down to his son, Sextus. He

Etruscans settled in Rome: metalworkers, artists, architects Etruscans from north-central part of the peninsula Foundation myths: Virgil’s Aeneid and story of Remus and Romulus Greeks settled in Rome: had many colonies around the Mediterranean Sea Romans borrowed Greek religious beliefs, alphabet, much of their art, military techniques and weaponry Latins were the first settlers of Rome; settled on the banks of Tiber Latins= descendants of Indo-Europeans Latin trading ships could navigate to Rome but no further - commercial port, built on 7 hills including Palatine Streams flowed into the Tiber Marshy area called the Forum,  between Palatine and Capitoline Hills Cloaca Maxima was largest ancient drain which channeled water into the Tiber: built by Tarquin the Proud’s grandfather Washington DC was built on a swamp (urban legend) but only about 2% was actually swampland Constitution Avenue located on what used to be called Tiber Creek (like Tiber River) Lucius Tarquini

   Today, Mr. Schick sent us a rap by Chi Cago about Rome, along with the lyrics. To be honest, I thought that it was going to be a really bad song, but it turns out that it actually sounded pretty good. Also, I think that it had some really great information in there pertaining to Rome. A few things we have read about, but a lot of things we haven't covered. Nevertheless, it made it very easy to understand, even if the things being said were unknown. I liked that about this rap. Some of the things mentioned in this rap that we have learned about include the patricians and plebeians, the Roman Republic, Legion, Punic Wars, Hannibal, and Roman senators. I feel like this rap built on my knowledge of Rome and it was fun to listen to.

   At first, the plebeians really didn't get a say in Roman government or the making of Roman laws. These plebeians were not only on a lower social class than the ruling patricians, but the plebeians made up most of the Roman population. Therefore, their lack of say in Roman government started to anger them. In 490 BC, the plebeians had a chance to speak up and demand power, and they did. However, the patricians were refusing to give any of their power to the plebeians. This caused what is called Conflicts of the Orders, which was a political struggle over power and say in Ancient Rome. The plebeians decided to have huge protest in mass numbers where they left Rome, threatening the patricians with their very large, armed force of plebeians. The patricians finally gave in and gave the plebeians some power. The Tribune of the Plebs was created, which were only for the plebeian class, and gave them a say in legal matters and magistrates. In 451 BC, ten officials physically wrote down

THEN NOW These images shows the Roman Forum and what it looked like then vs. what it looks like now. The Forum was like a Greek agora; because it was where people could meet up and talk, trade, do business, learn about laws, or go to school in some cases! The architecture of the Forum is interesting because over time, it was reconstructed multiple times. Therefore, the architectural style, along with the materials it was constructed with, changed as well. The Forum was first built in the seventh century BCE between the Capitoline and Palatine Hills of Rome. Stone and marble made up the Roman Forum, but over time, through all the reconstructions, concrete was also used. The Romans were influenced by Greek designs and architectural styles when building the Forum, but they had many designs of their own that they incorporated. Some of these structures include basilicas, domes,  triumphal arches, domes, and amphitheaters. The architectural details of the Roman Forum actually in